First, we conducted face-to-face interviews with four mothers and virtual interviews with two mothers. We conducted interviews and literature reviews to collect the Q-concourse. In this study, the Q-concourse includes the entire set of perceptions of smartphones among mothers with infants, and the Q-set includes representative and comprehensive statements extracted from the Q-concourse. In such situations, smartphones with high portability, low cost, and easy access to wireless internet are an important medium for childrearing information. Regardless of their employment status, they become the primary performer of household chores and childrearing, and they sometimes feel restricted in their use of time and space.
Mothers devote a large portion of their daily schedules to care-related tasks, and they are often under great pressure due to a lack of sufficient parenting knowledge and a lack of opportunities for economic activity and social participation. Expectant mothers use smartphones to obtain information related to pregnancy, childbirth, and childrearing. Mothers use smartphone apps to manage risks and signs of disease at the time of pregnancy, which also provide a means for integrating data between healthcare providers and mothers, including dissemination of healthcare information and education, early detection of potential problems, and notification of critical events. Additionally, because different content and services can easily be downloaded via smartphones, lifestyles and cultures have also changed.
This suggests that attitudes toward smartphone use can also differ depending on each person’s personality and characteristics.įor mothers who mainly stay at home raising their children, their use of smartphone apps satisfies their desire to obtain various information. found four different types of motivation to use dating apps. Research has shown that the degree of smartphone use varies according to individuals’ personality traits, and the use of smartphones as social capital may also vary depending on personality (e.g., extraversion and neuroticism). However, because smartphone use is so deeply ingrained in daily life, it is difficult to consider smartphones as simply negative or positive, as the perception may vary depending on the individuals who use them. The proliferation of smartphones has been accompanied by discussions about negative and positive aspects of their use. Among smartphones’ various uses, network use has been expanded, and the number of related activities attracting interest and attention has increased. However, the expansion of smartphone use in Korea was especially rapid.
Smartphones were first introduced in Korea in 2009, a few years after their introduction in the US and the UK. Based on these findings, we suggest ways in which mothers of young children can utilize smartphone apps in a developmental and appropriate manner. The analysis identified four types of smartphone users: (1) “multi-adapters” who actively utilize functions, (2) “chaos dilemma” users who understand the disadvantages of smartphones but cannot refrain from using smartphone apps, (3) “time-killer dependent” users who utilize apps to relieve temporary stress and anxiety, and (4) “self-development focused users” who pursue positive changes. We performed data analysis using the QUANL program. The P samples in the study consisted of 31 mothers. Ultimately, we selected 40 Q samples by comprehensively analyzing in-depth interviews with mothers of young children and conducting reviews of literature related to smartphone app use. We applied the Q methodology to classify and analyze the types of perceptions of mothers with young children. The purpose of this study was to categorize subjective perceptions of smartphone app use among mothers with young children, derive characteristics of each perception type, and interpret the findings to determine appropriate smartphone use for each perception type.
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